|
RRC Home Page
News
Events
Brochures
Booklets
Aboriginal Health
Fact Sheets
Major Publications
Multicultural Information
Order Form
Links
Contact Us
About the RRC
|
|
|
Renal Resource Centre 37 Darling Point Poad, Darling Point, NSW 2027 AUSTRALIA Telephone: 61 2 9362 3995 9362 3121 Facsimile: 61 2 9362 4354 Freecall: 1800 257 189 Click here for our location map |
| Lesley Salem Nephrology Nurse Practitioner |
| Hunter New England Health |
| Elizabeth Thompson Research Assistant |
| Herbert Leslie Elvin Artist |
.JPG) |
| This book has been supported by an unrestricted educational grant from AMGEN |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
HOW TO USE THE FOOD TABLES
DIETITIAN RECOMMENDATIONS
ANIMAL FOODS
INSECT AND INSECT PRODUCTS
FRUIT
VEGETABLES
INDEX
Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993, Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods. Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
AMGEN
Herbert Leslie Elvin for the wonderful artwork throughout the publication.
Barbara Harvie. Nephrology Nurse Practitioner Greater Southern Area Health Service.
Jenny Blissett for her help with editing.
The Nephrology Department at John Hunter Hospital.
This book has been put together for people with chronic kidney disease who wish to eat Indigenous foods.
It is designed to assist you and the dietician to make choices of Indigenous food.
This is a selection of the more common foods eaten. For the composition of other foods, a more complete reference is available in “Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods” by Janette Brand Miller, Keith W. James and Patricia M A Maggiore
Available through Aboriginal Studies Press
GPO Box 553,
Canberra ACT 2601
www.aiatsis.gov.au/aboriginal studies press aboriginal
A ‘kidney diet’ may help to slow down kidney damage and help to keep you well. In later stages of kidney damage, the diet may also help you control the amount of waste products in your blood and body. If these waste products build up to very high levels, they may cause nausea, vomiting, hiccups, tiredness, weakness, sleepiness and other problems.
Your diet is determined from the blood tests that you have. They tell us about how well your kidney is working and what your diet needs to control.
The controlled amounts of each of these nutrients are based on the blood levels of potassium, sodium, protein and urea.
If you have kidney failure you need a special diet to keep you healthy.
Your kidneys remove waste products and excess fluid that come from your diet and what you drink. When they fail, there are stages the kidneys go through and with each of these stages your diet needs to change also. A special diet can slow the rate of kidney failure and limit the build up of waste products and fluid in your body.
In kidney failure we are mainly concerned about salt (sodium), phosphate, protein, potassium, and calories.
Your Nephrologist or GP will refer you to a Dietician. It is important that you let the dietician know what types of food you like. You will still be able to have them but the dietician will let you know how much and how often so that you keep well.
You need protein for building muscles and repairing itself.
Excess protein turns into urea, which the kidney normally gets rid of. In kidney failure this waste product builds up and can affect all parts of your body and blood.
To avoid a lot of this waste in your body you need to eat less protein. Eating less protein has been shown to lessen the stress on the kidney and slow down the rate at which it is failing.
Protein is found in two types of foods:
Even though you have to limit protein in your diet it is essential that you still eat the right amount of protein to keep well.
If you are on peritoneal dialysis, you will need to increase the amount of protein you eat because dialysis removes some protein from your system.
In the later stages of kidney failure, a low-protein diet can lead to malnutrition and should only be implemented under the guidance of a kidney specialist.
A good level of phosphorus is necessary for the good health of your bones. In kidney failure your kidney cannot get rid of all the phosphate that is in food.
Too much phosphate causes your bones to weaken. If this happens they can ache and possibly break easily.
To help prevent this, it would be good to have a diet of foods low in phosphate but if diet alone does not work medication will also have to be used. The phosphate level is listed in the tables and your dietician will give you a daily allowance.
High phosphorus levels are found in the following foods:
Sodium helps to regulate your blood pressure and the amount of fluid you retain in your body. In kidney failure where your kidney does not get rid of excess sodium high blood pressure and fluid retention occur.
To prevent these problems you may need to limit the amount of sodium in your diet.
Sodium is found in many foods
Substitutes for salt can include spices, lemon or pepper.
Potassium helps your heart and muscles function properly. The amount you need varies, depending on your body size, how well your kidney works and the tablets you take. In the early stages of kidney failure this does not have to be restricted.
Potassium is found in many foods.
You can reduce the potassium in some food before you eat it. For example you can: cut peeled potatoes into small pieces, soak them for at least two hours in a large amount of warm water, drain, and then cook.
The calories in food are what give you energy. Because you are restricted in the amount of protein you eat, you need to increase other foods to get enough calories.
With all the restrictions in the type and quantity of foods you can consume it is important to work with your dietician to formulate a balanced diet. Losing too much weight can cause you to be ill. Your weight should be monitored regularly.
If you are diabetic or overweight, talk with your renal dietician about the best way for you to loose weight.
Your new diet may have more fats and carbohydrates (starches and sweets) than you are used to eating. These are added to help maintain weight and protect your muscle tissue. However this does not mean that the Australian native foods that you would like to eat cannot be included in your ‘kidney diet’.
It is only in the later stages of kidney failure when the fluid you drink is retained in your body. Drinking fluid is only restricted when you accumulate excessive amounts in your body.
Whether you need extra vitamins depends on your various dietary restrictions and how much kidney damage there is. A good diet gives you enough vitamins A, E, and K. You may need to supplement your diet with vitamins B and C when you start dialysis.
There are some symbols in the tables that you need to understand.
| BDL | (below detectable limit) indicates that a trace amount of the component is present. It is not considered to be of dietetic significance. |
| ND | (not determined) means that no value is available for this component. |
| * | indicates that the value in the carbohydrate column was derived by direct measurement, rather than calculated by difference. |
| (T) | indicates that the average total carbohydrate content (that is including fibre) of the food has been calculated. |
| N/A | indicates that data was not available |
The tables are put together in four sections.
| Table 1: | Animals |
| Table 2: | Insects and Insect Products |
| Table 3: | Fruits |
| Table 4: | Vegetables |
Tables 1,2 and 3 have been put together linking the Common Names in groups according to type. For example, all kangaroos are together and all reptiles are together rather than listing by their scientific names. Table 4 has been put together using the ‘part’ to link the groups together. For example, all seeds are together, all tubers are together etc. This also means that the scientific names are not in alphabetical order.
A column under the heading ‘Local Name’ is for the patient’s use, this is to cater for local knowledge of plant and animal names in the patients own area.
Proximate constituents per 100g edible portion, raw unless otherwise indicated.
Source: Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993,
Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods.Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
Proximate constituents per 100g edible portion, raw unless otherwise indicated
Source: Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993,
Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods.Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
Proximate constituents per 100g edible portion, raw unless otherwise indicated
Source: Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993,
Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods.Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
Proximate constituents per 100g edible portion, raw unless otherwise indicated
Source: Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993,
Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods.Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
Inorganic constituents per 100g edible portion, raw unless otherwise indicated.
Source: Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993,
Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods.Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
Proximate constituents per 100g edible portion, raw unless otherwise indicated
Source: Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993,
Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods.Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
Proximate constituents per 100g edible portion, raw unless otherwise indicated.
Source: Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993,
Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods.Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
Proximate constituents per 100g edible portion, raw unless otherwise indicated
Source: Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993,
Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods.Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
Proximate constituents per 100g edible portion, raw unless otherwise indicated.
Source: Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993,
Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods.Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
Proximate constituents per 100g edible portion, raw unless otherwise indicated
Source: Miller, J.B., James, J.K. & Maggiore, P.M.A. 1993,
Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods.Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.
RENAL RESOURCE CENTRE
37 Darling Point Road, Darling Point NSW 2027
Telephone: (02) 9362 3995 or (02) 9362 3121
Facsimile: (02) 9362 4354
Toll Free: 1800 257 189
Web: www.renalresource.com
Renal Resource Centre